Harley-Davidson WLA (1940)

USA USA. WLA: 100,000+ built 1940-52
First motorcycle here on truck-enclycopedia, yes it's seems a bit off-topic but actually the website is about ALL military softskin vehicles, so its also comprised, as announced from the start also tractors, staff cars, down to ultra-light tricycle, and of course motorcycle and side-cars that also part of the military in several wars. So here you go, for a start on motorcycles, what else that a most legendary brand of all (With perhaps Triumph on the other part of the pond and Kawasaki further away)... The Harley Davidson history with the US Military dates back all the way to 1916 and the expedition to find Pancho Villa, up to 1998 and the Military Police's MT series. In this serie, the first obvious model of note is the WW2 Harkey-Davidson WLA "Liberator" with 100,000 produced from 1940 to 1952, used in WW2 on all fronts, Korea and Vietnam.

A Brand, A Legacy

No need to present today Harley-Davidson to any motorcycle enthusiast, the brand just oozes legend and immediately spawn images and a whole culture to mind, besite the purely technical aspects that cemented the brand's cult over the years. Harley-Davidson provided the US Military for almost ten decades, from 1916 to 1998 when production of the last military model ceased for good.

In 1903 Harley-Davidson was founded in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, by William S. Harley and the Davidson brothers (Arthur, Walter, and William A.). They built their first motor-bicycle in a small shed, aiming to create a machine that could be more than a pedal bicycle with an engine.
In 1907: The company was officially incorporated. By 1914, Harley-Davidson was supplying motorcycles for the U.S. military and had become one of the largest motorcycle manufacturers in the world.

In 1920: Harley-Davidson became the largest motorcycle manufacturer in the world, with dealers in 67 countries. It developed innovations such as the V-twin engine and teardrop fuel tank.



In World War I and II, the company played a crucial role by producing motorcycles for the U.S. military. Over 90,000 bikes were built for the military during WWII alone. The WLA model became famous as a wartime workhorse.

Post-War Boom and Cultural Icon (1950s–1960s): Motorcycles became part of American pop culture, helped by movies like The Wild One (1953) and fuelled by the attachment of veterans for their wartime motorcycles, that were ceded to them in some cases, purchased on military stockes for others. Harley-Davidson was associated with rebellion and freedom. However it faced increasing competition from Japanese manufacturers like Honda and Yamaha in the 1960s and especially 1970s.

AMF Era and Decline (1969–1981): In 1969 Harley-Davidson merged with American Machine and Foundry (AMF), a sporting goods manufacturer. Quality and reliability issues plagued the brand under AMF's management.Sales and reputation declined due to competition and manufacturing problems.

Rebirth and Modernization (1981–1990s): 1981: A group of 13 investors, including executives Vaughn Beals and Willie G. Davidson (grandson of co-founder), bought Harley-Davidson back from AMF. Reinvested in quality, introduced the Evolution engine in 1984. Leveraged American pride, strong branding, and a loyal customer base to rebuild the company. Went public in 1986.

Recent History: Expanded product lines and entered the international market. Launched the V-Rod line (liquid-cooled engines) in collaboration with Porsche. Faced challenges with aging demographics and changing tastes. 2019: Released LiveWire, its first electric motorcycle. Continues to evolve with new technologies and a focus on global markets and younger riders. However its history with the US military ended with the end of the cold war and its gradual loss of reputation after 1969.

In Military Service


Harley-Davidson started early its history with the U.S. military. The first motorcycles were purchased by the cavalry corps to take part in the expedition against Pancho Villa Expedition, but only at first to carry dispatches and supplying troops. There was still not proper dedicated company of motorcycles. Military Debut in 1916 saw many skirmishes along the U.S.-Mexico border in pursuit of the revolutionary leader by General "Black Jack" Pershing which dispatched motorcycles equipped with machine guns mounted on sidecars, forming patrols of three.

Recognizing the motorcycle strategic advantages, the War Department ordered a dozen Harley-Davidson motorcycles, which proved invaluable of rough terrain. World War I, strong of this experience, Harley-Davidson was pressed to supply more motorcycles for battlefield use as a fast, agile communication but also transportation and reconnaissance asset on the rear lines, but also sometimes on the no-man's land where where traditional vehicles struggled.

By November 1918, the first American to enter Germany after the armistice was on a Harley-Davidson. By the end of Great War about half of Harleys from the factory in early 1917 went to the U.S. military a grand total of 20,000 motorcycles which was followed by more orders and a production ramp-up which proved pivotal, establishing the company as a pilla rof the US industrial force. Later, to support the need for mechanics, Harley-Davidson established a Quartermasters School in Milwaukee, both for maintanance and repair of motorcycles and this became ultimately the "Harley-Davidson University".

In the interwar, Harley-Davidson ramped up innovations, first developed for military used and now available to its civilian models. This era forged a reputation for toughness and reliability. Meawnhile the US cavalry Corps made more attempts to create indepdenent reconnaissance units only based on motorcyles, and soon, Harleys became a staple of organic vanguard reconnaissance at every echelon of the US military, thanks to their speed. Though demand for military motorcycles plumitted, Harley-Davidson continued to provide motorcycles for the police and military purposes (Like military Police) in the 1920s and 1930s.



In World War II Harley-Davidson was called to produce a grand total of produced over 90,000 WLA motorcycles, used by the US Army, Navy and even Air Force and every sub-branches. The WA was soon immortalized as the “Liberator,” as WLAs using heavy-duty parts, larger fenders, and specialized cargo racks were seen often first entering nwewly-libertated cities in NW Europe in 1944. Harley-Davidson also provided a third of the WLAs to the Russian army via lend-lease and a lot to the Canadian military.

Outside the WLA, Harley-Davidson also produced the more specialized WLC, XA, UA, and Servi-Cars for military use. The WLC was a modified Canadian forces moto, the XA was designed for the North African Campaign (Torch and afetermath) and designed for desert warfare, with a shaft-driven engine to prevent sand damage. The UA as the "Servi-Cars" were a few modular models offerng multiple options for various tasks. For its immense contribution to the war effort in World War II the company was awarded in 1945 the prestigious Army-Navy "E" Award for excellence in wartime production, for superior craftsmanship and efficiency.

In 1942-45 Harley-Davidson also took part of the production of bomb casings and casing lugs for munitions production. After World War II, continued to be ordered military motorcycles, and developed the XLA, a military version of the Sportster, while maintained production of the WLA until 1952. Both models saw action in Korea. The XLA in addition to Korea, saw action aplenty in Vietnam. Harleys were still used during the Persian Gulf War, notably with the MT-350 and MT-500, last Last Military Motorcycles Produced with Rotax. Production ended in 1998. But even after the end of the MT series, Harley-Davidson remained celebrated by veterans and motorcycle enthusiasts with its network of veteran-Owned Harley-Davidson Dealerships supporting the Military Community post war.

Rotax MT 350
Rotax MT-350

MD 500
Rotax MT-500

Harley-Davidson WLA (1940)


The Harley-Davidson WLA, affectionately known as the "Liberator," is a military motorcycle produced by Harley-Davidson to U.S. Army specifications during World War II. Based on the civilian WL model, the WLA was designed for ruggedness and reliability in various combat environments. It was given an engine rated for 45.12 cu in (739.4 cc) side-valve, 45-degree V-twin which developed approximately 23–25 hp at 4,500 rpm.

Its transmission was a 3-speed hand shift and it used a tubular steel double cradle with Springer fork for the front suspensions, and drum brakes front and rear. The WLA mounted two rugged 4.00 x 18 tires enabling some easy deflation in order to operate on the roughest terrains. Its wheelbase was 57.5 in (1,460 mm) doe an overall lenght of 88 in (2,200 mm) and an overall Widt of 41 in (1 m) with haversacks and rear racks. In dry Weight it remained at 540 lb (245 kg) with a total fuel capacity of 3.375 US gallons (12.8 liters) and a fuel Consumption of approximately 35 mpg (6.7 L/100 km).

Production of the WLA started in 1940, continuing through 1945 and resuming from 1949 to 1952. In wartime over 70,000 WLA and WLC (Canadian one) were produced and 27,000 supplied to the Soviet Union under the Lend-Lease. The WLA was primarily used for courier duties, military police work, and reconnaissance missions. It was engineered to withstand harsh conditions and required minimal maintenance. It could ford streams up to 16 inches deep, carry up to 40 lbs of equipment, and operate reliably on low-octane fuel. Standard military features included blackout lights, a skid plate, leather saddlebags, a luggage rack, and a large oil bath air cleaner. Beyond the U.S. Army, it was also used for specific roles by the Navy and Air Force as well, and its widespread use and reliability earned it the nickname "Liberator" among European populations during the war.



Harley Davidson WLA specs.

Dimensions (Length)88 in (2,200 mm)
Wheelbase57.5 in (1,460 mm)
Curb weight540 lb (240 kg) dry
Engine45.12 cu in (739.4 cc) SV Air-cooled, side-valve, 45-degree V-twin
Bore/stroke2.75 in × 3.8125 in (69.85 mm × 96.84 mm)
Power25 hp (19 kW) @ 4,500 rpm, Comp. 5:1
Ignition type6 V battery and coil with circuit breaker (timer)
Transmission3-speed hand shift
FramesTubular steel double cradle
SuspensionsFront: springer fork
BrakesDrums front and rear
Tires4.00 x 18
Top speed65mph+ (105 kph)
Max range3.375 US gal (12.8 L) c200km



Gallery


Note: 1/72, same scale as other vehicles on this site

Harley WLA of the constabulary: A Harley-Davidson WLA motorcycle of the US Constabulary, c.1946. The WLA (also known as ‘The Liberator’) was developed as the militarized version of the earlier WL model, upgraded to better suit military and off-road use. Over 90,000 examples of the WLA were built during the Second World War and thousands more when production was restarted for the Korean War. The model name WLA follows the standard Harley model code: W is the family of motorcycles; L means high-compression (5:1); and A stands for Army.

It used a venerable 45 cubic inch (740cc) flathead (side valve) air-cooled 45º V-twin engine, capable of 25hp at 5,400rpm and a top speed of 65mph, plus it could run on low-grade 74-octane fuel. Power was sent back via a 3-speed transmission with a hand shifter, and there was a chain drive to the rear wheels. The WLA had drum brakes, ‘springer’ front suspension, rigid rear suspension, and the much-needed sprung seat, and could be tricky to handle for the inexperienced motorcyclist. The military specification included a bracket for a rifle sheath on the right-hand side of the front fork, with an ammunition box on the opposite side, and for military police use, it had had flashing lights. This example had a front wind shield, and some were fitted with a fire extinguisher.
















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Read More/src

theliberator.be
autogallery.org.ru
realclassic.co.uk
olive-drab.com
memorialmuseum.org
TM9-879
victorylibrary.com

harley-davidson.com /military-support
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Sd.Kfz 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 were half-tracks designed just before the war as prime movers, to carry supplies, ammunition, personal, and tow artillery. Many were also converted during the war as armored versions carrying AA FLAK guns (Flakvierling, 37 mm, or the legendary 88 mm Rheinmetall als used as tank hunters), or were converted as nebelwerfer (rocket launching armored vehicles). They were built by Hanomag, Steyr, Mercedes-Benz, Bussing and many other manufacturers until 1945, over 20,000 half-tracks.

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Japan ww2 Staff cars
-Toyota AA/AB/AC
-Type 93 6/4-Wheeled Passenger Car
-Type 95 Passenger Car "Kurogane"
-Type 98 Passenger Car
-Model 97 Nissan Staff Car, Nissan 70

Japan ww2 Motorcycles
-Rikuo Motorcycle
-Rikuo Type 97 Motorcycle
-Rikuo Type 93 side car

Japan ww2 Misc.
-Type 94 Ambulance
-Type 94 Repair Vehicle

Cold War & Modern Vehicles

Section pending completion.
BAV-485 * MAZ-543 * GAZ 46 * GAZ 67B * GAZ/UAZ-69 * GAZ 51 * GAZ 63* ZIL-131 * GAZ 66 * KrAZ-214 * KrAZ-255 * KrAZ-260 * KZKT-7428 * MAZ-535 * MAZ-537 * MAZ-7310 * Ural 375 * BM-21 Grad * MAZ-535 * MAZ-537 * MAZ-7310 * Ural 375 * URAL 4320 * ZIL-135 * ZIL-151 * ZIL-157 * ZIL-157/PR-11M * ZIL-6 * ZIL-6 * 9P140 Uragan * 9K33 Osa * AT-L


* * * * Praga V3S * Tatra 813
Ford G398 * Borgward BE3000 * Henschel HS 115 * Hanomag AL 28 * Mercedes Standard 4.5L * Mercedes LG 315/46 * Magirus-Deutz 170 * Magirus-Deutz 232 * Magirus-Deutz Jupiter 6x6 * Magirus-Deutz A 6500 * MAN KAT-1 * SLT 50 Elefant TT * Liebherr 8x8 GLW * MAN TGM Mil 18 4x4 * Liebherr 4x4 FKL * MAN 630 L2 * Mercedes LA * Unimog 404 2.5 standard * DKW Munga (1956) * Mercedes G-class * Volkswagen Type 181 (1968) * Volkswagen Iltis (1978) * MAN LX Tactical Trucks * M3 Amphibious Rig * Ford Taunus Polizei
Willys Jeep CJ series * Jeep M606 * Jeep M38A1 * Jeep M170 * Dodge M37 * M151 Mutt * M422 Mighty Mite * CJ V-35(/U) * M274 4x4 "Mule" * M37 Series 4x4 "Power Wagon" * M35 Series 6x6 * M54 Series 6x6 * M123/M125 6x6 * M715 series 4x4 * M561 6x6 "Gamma Goat" * M656 Series 8x8 * M880 series 4x4 * M809 series 6x6 * M520 4x4 "Goer" * M915 series 6x4 * M911 C-MET 8x6 * CUCV M1008 4x4 * HMMWV 4x4 * M939 Series 6x6 * HEMTT M977 8x8

Land-Rover * Bedford RL * Bedford TK/MK * Bedford TM * AEC Militant * Austin K9 * AEC Mandator TEL * Land rover LWB SAS

IFA G5

Nissan 2.5 Truck * * Hitachi Type 73 artillery tractor (1974) * Toyota Type 73 * Isuzu HST * Isuzu TSD-45 * Nissan Patrol * Mitsubishi Type 73 * Toyota Land Cruiser *
Jiefang CA10 * Jiefang CA30
Beijing BJ212 * Beijing BJ2020 * Dongfeng EQ240/EQ2081 * Dongfeng EQ245/EQ2100 * Dongfeng EQ2050 * FAW MV3 * Hanyang HY4260 * Hanyang HY4330 * HTF5680A1 * SFQ2040 LieYing * Xiaolong XL2060 * Jiefang CA-30 * NJ2045/2046 * Shaanxi SX2190 * Shaanxi SX2150 * TA580/TAS5380 * TA5450/TAS5450 * TAS5500 * TAS5570 * TAS5690 * Type 82 truck * WS2300 * WS2400 * WS2500 * Wanshan W-2600 * WS21200 * WS51200
Renault TRM 10000 GP | Renault RM 700-100 TT | Renault TRM 2000 lorry | Berliet GBC 8 TK & Renault GBC 180 | Renault Kerax* | Iveco PPT3 | PML VPCM | Scania CCP10 | Scania TRA TOE NG | Renault ESRC | Renault ESRC AVIT | Renault CCPTA | Mercedes CCP3/5 | Renault Carapace | Renault CDLR | Renault PPDL | Renault CDLR CBH 385 | VLTT | Grizzly LUV | VOS-APP LUV | VOS-PAT LUV | Acmat VLRA | Panhard VPS LUV | Aquus AREG VLFS | Renault T4 VLTP NG | Arquus Trapper VT4 | French Mil. Quads | Renault Kangoo | French Bulldozers | Souvim Minesweeper | EFA Bridgelayer | Renault PFM BDL | SPRAT AVLB

Australia:

Land Rover Perentie

Belgium:

F.N. AS 24 "tricar/trike"

Sweden:

Scania T112

Yugoslavia:

M87 Orkan

Modern Trucks

Section pending completion.

India:

Tatra Prithvi | Ashok-Leyland Agni II TEL

Italy:

Iveco ACTL

Romania:

AMT 25, AMT 950, DAC, Roman, Dacia Duster.

Indonesia:

Rantis P6 ATAV

Russia:

UAZ Esaul * Kamaz 6560 * Pantsir S1 * 9K720 Iskander | 2S43 Malva |

Italy:

Iveco Eurocargo | Iveco ACTL 4×4 | Iveco ACM 90 | Iveco ACTL 6×6 | Iveco ACP 90 | Iveco ACTL 8x8 | Iveco ACTL 6x6 | Iveco ACT 81/A | Iveco HD6

France:

Renault Sherpa 5 CAESAR SPH | Renault TRM 10000 GP | Renault RM 700-100 TT | Renault TRM 2000 lorry | Renault Kerax | Iveco PPT3 | PML VPCM | Scania CCP10 | Scanian TRA TOE NG | Renault ESRC | Renault ESRC AVIT | Renault CCPTA | Mercedes CCP3/5 | Renault Carapace | Renault CDLR | Renault PPDL | Renault CDLR CBH 385 | VLTT | Grizzly LUV | VOS-APP LUV | VOS-PAT LUV | Acmat VLRA | Panhard VPS LUV | Aquus AREG VLFS | Renault T4 VLTP NG | | French Mil. Quads | Renault Kangoo | French Bulldozers | Souvim Minesweeper | EFA Bridgelayer | Renault PFM BDL | SPRAT AVLB

Germany:

Mercedes 250GD Wolf | Mercedes Wolf SSA | Mercedes G300 Greenliner | VW T3/T4/T6 van | BWM G650 GS | BMW F850 GS | BMW R1150 RT | BMW R1200 RT | KTM 400LS-E BdW | LIV(SO) Serval | German quads | Faun LST50-3 Elefant | Faun STL56 Franziska | Faun SLT Mammut | RMT HX81 | SAANH 70T | Mercedes Unimog U3/4/5000 | Mercedes Zetros | MAN KAT1 | RMT Multi 2 | RMT WLS 6x6 | RMT UTF WLKS 8x8 | Iveco Trakker/TEP90/AT380T/AT450 | Scania SLT 650/R410/ | Iveco Eurocargo ML100/140/150 | | | MAN SX | MAN TGS 8x4 | MAN TGS 6x4 | MAN RMMV TGA | Mercedes Atego | Mercedes Axor | EWK M3 Amph.Rig | Liebherr FKL | Liebherr FKM | T.Faun FKS ATF 30-2 | T.Faun FKS ATF 70-4 | T.Faun FKS ATF 100-5 | T.Faun FKS ATF 110-5 | T.Faun FKS ATF 120-5 Obelix | Steinbrock 2.5 Y4 | Herbst-Smag Orion V | Konecrane SMV 2216 TC3 | Ahlmann AS1600 | Liebherr 574 | MAN Cobra Radar | Liebherr LTM 1050

Netherlands:

Defenture Mammoth | to come | placeholder | MLC-70 WGMST

Spain:

➹ Santana Anibal

South Africa:

SAMIL 20 | SAMIL 50 | SAMIL 100

Turkey:

United Kingdom:

RWMIK land rover | Toyota Jankel Al-Thalab | Sky Sabre | Alvis Unipower | land Rover Wolf | Land Rover Defender BFA | Alvis Supacat ATMP | Marshall Gasket 3 | MAN SV (Mark I-III)

USA:

Interim Fast Attack Vehicle | M1161 Growler | Boeing Phantom Badger | GD Flyer | Humvee (Generic) | M997A3 Ambulance | M1097A2 Cargo/Troop/AD Carrier | | | | | | M1114/M1116/M1145/M1151 Up-Armored Armament Carrier | M1152A1 Up-Armored Cargo/Troop Carrier | M1165A1 Up-Armored Command and Control Carrier | M1167A1 Up-Armored TOW Carrier | Ground Mobility Vehicle | Light Combat Tactical Utility Vehicle (L-ATV) | M1297 Army Ground Mobility Vehicle (AGMV) | DAGOR | Desert Patrol Vehicle | Light Strike Vehicle | Advanced Light Strike Vehicle | Ranger Special Operations Vehicle | Interim Fast Attack Vehicle 157 | Guardian Angel Air-Deployable Rescue Vehicle | M1161 Light Strike Vehicle (LSV) | M1163 Expeditionary Fire Support System (EFSS) Prime Mover | M816 Wrecker | MRZR-D (USMC) | M1301 Infantry Squad Vehicle | Oshkosh M1070 | R-11 Refueler | Heavy Expanded Mobility Tactical Truck | Medium Tactical Vehicle | M970 | M939 Truck | M35 2½ ton cargo truck | Medium Tactical Vehicle Replacement | Iron Dome IFPC | MIM-104 Patriot | Terminal High Altitude Area Defense | M1097 Avenger | Kalmar RT240 RTCH | Caterpillar 930K ATFL (10K/13K) | Oshkosh (JLG) EBFL EBF | JLG Atlas II Telehandler | Kalmar RT240 RTCH | Grove GMK4060HC All-Terrain Crane | Terex MAC-50 All-Terrain Crane | Linkbelt HTC-8640 Mobile Crane | Manitowoc 777 Crawler Crane | Linkbelt 108H Crawler Crane | Caterpillar 621 | Caterpillar 140 WTS | Caterpillar 963 CL | Caterpillar 966H WL | Caterpillar 924H WL | John Deere 624J/K R TRAM | USN Caterpillar 924H Wheel Loader | Caterpillar D9 | Caterpillar D7R | John Deere 850J R MCT | Caterpillar M105 DEUCE | Caterpillar D6K | US Army Caterpillar D7R Bulldozer | Backhoe Caterpillar 420D | John Deere 200C/200D/210G | Caterpillar 320