ZIL-157 (1958)

Soviet trucks Soviet 6x6 military truck - c800,000 made.
The ZIL-157 is a Soviet and Russian medium-tonnage truck with increased cross-country ability manufactured by the Likhachev Plant (ZIL). The ZIL-157 was mass-produced since 1958, mainly for the both Civilian needs and Armed Forces. Its cab a repeat of the ZIS-151's with minor changes. In time, the mass-produced ZIL-157 appeared soon obsolete and subsequently replaced in the 1970s by the ZIL-131 and Ural-375. A total of 797,934 in all modifications were produced, making it the largest Soviet truck production after the WW2 U7 (Based on the lend-lease Stubaker US6). Created at the end of 1954, production started in 1958 and ended in 1991, IL stopping in 1978) and Novouralsk taking on. But the very last were made in 1994 in specialties. The antiquated, basically WW2 Soviet comfort cabin was improved in between with heater and an electric fan powered by the engine cooling system whereas suspension shock absorbers were improved. Despite of this, it's jarring to imaging this copy of the 1942 US6 was basically produced unchanged until after the end of the cold war... Note: As the subject is huge, expect upfates in the future and one-offs (like the 157K tractor for the S-125 SAM trailer)...



ZIL-157 on a Monument in Donetsk

Development

Before the ZIL-157 was the ZIL-151. It was the first postwar Soviet Medium Truck, a general-purpose model based on the ZIS-6 and lend-lease Studebaker US6. It was developed in many versions included the armored BTR-152 armored personnel carrier and BAV 485 amphibious vehicle. Having issues only solved by the ZIL-157, it was not widely exported but was licence-built as the Jiefang CA-30 in China. With some 150,000 delivered until 1958 it saw it fair share of action in the early cold war. In all c150,000 were made. For a neophyte, both the ZIL-151 and 157 looked really the same. There were still many differences some external, but most internal or just hidden.

The genesis of the ZIL-157 is really abour gradually improving the ZIL-151. The name ZIL came from the old ZIS (Staling) whic became the “Likhachev” Factory after 1953. The ZIL-157 was an improved version, with larger single tires in place of the smaller, narrower ones paired on the rear drive axles. The other great innovation were the adjustable tire pressure which was adopted from vehicles such as the armoured BTR-152 based on the ZIL-151. The centralized management of tire pressure was a bonanza to overcome all types of terrain, deep mud or snow, and sand.



ZIL 157



With the larger tire and bigger engine, this really solved all critics on the ZIL-151. From 1961 an automatic control was provided to adjust the pressure automatically. Its not clear from when factory and state trials weent on, probably between 1954 to 1957. Production was authorized from 1958 and the serie went on unchanged until 1961 then appeared the 157K from 1961 to 1964, and ultimately the the ZIL-157KD from 1976 to 1982, most being export models a the ZIL-131 replaced it in USSR.

The ZIL-157 was a 3 metric ton cargo truck, so 3t (6,615 lbs) load capacity on all terrain. On flat rooads it could be loaded up to 7,500 kilograms plus trailer. As a troop carrier, normal load was between 12-16 soldiers on folding bunks. It seems a self-recovery winch, second innovation of the design, was mostly seen from 1961 onwards. This was a very successful military truck for the time, albeit altready looking obsolescent opr old-fashioned. It was very rugged and reliable, more agile than the ZIL-151 and in 1958 it was presented in the West, at Brussels, and was awarded the Grand Prix of the World Exhibition.



ZIL 157



From 1961, the ZIL-157K had its weight distribution on the axles changed, it also had a new gearbox with single-plate clutch, telescopic shock absorbers and a stlighty more powerful engine (see data below). in 1978, production was transferred to UAMZ (Ural Automobile Engine Plant), a branch of AvtoZIL, under the index ZIL-157KD, the ultimate version which production ran until 1991 mostly for export and the civilian market, as it was very popular in collective farms and logging companies in Siberia. Still used today in thes remote areas it is still praised for its simplicity and reliability making it easy to maintain and repair, helped by a massive production easing the stockpile of parts.

Design of the ZIL-157



ZIL 157

The ZIL-157 6x6 truck replaced the ZIL-151 in production from 1958. In 1961 the improved ZIL-157K was introduced, replaced in 1966 by the more powerful ZIL-131 6x6 3,5t truck. Despite of this, production of the ZIL-157 went on until 1978 at the main plant and until 1990 in another one for the civilian amrket and exports. In appearance the ZIL-157 resembled the ZIL-151 with a slightly different cab also fitted on late production ZIL-151s allowing to share many parts, windows, windshields, dahsboards, rear mirrors, etc. But the greatest different was they were fitted with single instead of dual rear wheels on the ZIL-151.

The layout was conventional, with the engine at the front, two-door, fully enclosed cab, and rear cargo area with a metal bed frame and wooden platform with folding sides, bench seats on either side that can be folded up when carrying cargo, and a drop tailgate. If required, they could be fitted with bows and tarpaulin cover. Standard equipment includes a cab heater, an engine preheater and many vehicles also have a winch from 1961.

The ZIL-157 had a relatively complex transmission with five cardan shafts:
-Intermediate, between the transfer case and gearbox
-To the front axle
-To the middle axle
-Two cardan shafts with an intermediate bearing unit on the middle axle approached the rear axle.
The ZIL-157 used larger wheels and tires of 12.00-18 and the centralized tire pressure inflation system borrowed from the BTR-152 was something completely new on a truck. Along with the self-recovery winch made it able to cross the worst possible dirt roads or even mule paths. The central inflation also could maintain overpressure in the tires after a puncture, thanks to the compressor.

On virgin snow or marshy terrain it was possible to briefly reduce pressure to 0.7 kg/cm² enlaring considerably the tire's contact band. Speed however should not exceed 10 kph. The tire life also was reduced to just 150 km. When operating all the time at normal pressure of 2.8 kg/cm² the guaranteed mileage is 10,000 km... In winter careful monitoring of the cooling system was necessary and insulating covers were added to the radiator. Its only serious drawback was the lack of hydraulic power steering. This truck required authentic "truck drivers" stocky and pretty muscular.



ZIL-157 at Patriot Park

General layout

Engine and performances

Precise Specifications:
Curb weight 5,540 kgs, Gross weight 10,190 kgs. Front axle load 2,4t (gross 2.77t), rear bogie load 3,14t (gross 7.42t) Ground clearance 31 cm
Length 6,684 x width 2,315 x height 2,360 mm, with awning — 2,915 mm
Wheelbase 4,225 mm
The ZIL-157 produced from 1958 to 1961 had a rated power of 104 hp or 76.5 kW, top speed of 65 km/h and the gearbox ratios were like the ZIS-150 and ZIS-151: 1st gear - 6.24; 2nd gear - 3.32; 3rd gear - 1.898; 4th gear - 1.00; 5th gear — 0.81; reverse — 6.70. The transfer case gear ratios were the same as the ZIS-151: 1st gear — 2.44; 2nd gear — 1.24. This model had a 6ST-100 battery as well.

The 1962-78 model had a new gearbox, new engine 157K 5.5 liters 6-cyl. water cooled rated for 109 hp or 80.2 Kw. Maximum crankshaft speed is 2,800 rpm, top speed 60 kph. Gear ratios are now on 1st gear: 7.44, 2nd gear: 4.10, 3rd gear: 2.29, 4th gear: 1.47, 5th gear: 1.00 and Reverse: 7.09. The Transfer case ratios are on 1st gear: 2.27 2nd gear: 1.16, Final drive ratio: 6.67.

From 1958 to 1990 they shared the exact same tire size of 12.00-18 from front to rear. Turning radius was 11.2 m. The front suspensions were longitudinal semi-elliptical springs with hydraulic double-acting shock-absorbers and rear bogie with semi-elliptical springs. Main forward brakes used air. The parking brake was mechanical. They came out in standard with a 12 V Electrical system and two Batteries ST-84.

Variants of the ZIL-157


ZIL-157K blueprint In the USSR, modifications of the basic ZIL-157 model were produced:
ZIL-157K: Basic model since 1961, the design used parts of the ZIL-130
ZIL-157-R experimental model, with equally spaced axles along the base of the car, while the suspension of each axle was independent.
ZIL-157V truck tractor
ZIL-157KV truck tractor since 1961
ZIL-157Yu Tropical version
ZIL-157G with shielded equipment
ZIL-157KG with shielded equipment since 1961
ZIL-157E export version
ZIL-157E with special chassis with two gas tanks (150 l each)
ZIL-157KD basic model since 1978. K-88AZh carburetor, parts unified with the ZIL-130
ZIL-157KDV truck tractor since 1978.




ZIL-157 BM-13/16 variant


ZIL-157 D-262 variant


ZIL-157 D-470 variant



ZIL 157K (1961)

⚙ ZIL-157 specifications

WeightCurb 5,5t Gross 10,19t
Dimensions6,68 x 2,31 x 2,36
SuspensionLeaf springs
PropulsionZIL-157K 5.55 litre 6-cyl. liquid cooled 80.2 hp (109) 2,800 rpm
Speed60 kph
Range150L fuel, 460 kph
ArmamentNone
ProtectionNone
EquipmentsSpare tire, winch(K), roof rack, tarp.
Payload4.5 tons, plus 5 tons towed/trailer
Crew1 driver, 1 passenger, up to 16 troops

A Chinese copy: The Jiefang CA-30



The ZIL-157 was also massively exported and produced under licence, notably by China as the Jiefang CA-30, largely distributed to the North Vietnamese among others. The Jifang was itself produced from 1958 (at the same time as in USSR, it was the latest and best) until 1978, just like at ZIL. It was a product of pre-Sino Soviet split and motivated a lot of engineering follow-up in Chinese trucks. Another legacy of the Studebaker US5.

The ZIL-157 in service

Part in writing, also linked to exports and combat seen with threse operators. The ZIL 157 was exported to Finland, Indonesia, Iraq, North Korea, Syria, Egypt, and Ukraine (captured). The licenced Jiefang CA-30 was cheaper and used on large quantities by North Vietnam, Albania, Bangladesh and possibly North Korea also.

Gallery



ZIL-151 to compare



BTR-152, derived from the ZIL-151 with centralized inflation system



ZIL-157



ZIL-157 Polish variant with tarp



ZIL-157K, the winch version



ZIL-157 BM-13/16



Polish ZIL-157 Standard Cab



ZIL-157 Light Projector



ZIL-157 Czech Rocket Launcher



ZIL-157 S-125 Neva SAM carrier



ZIL-157 Fuel Tanker



ZIL-157 with ZU-23-2 SPAA, 1973



ZIL-157K S78 trailer



Chinese Jiefang CA-30



IDF captured ZIL-157 BM-24

More to come !!!!


ZIL-157 01



ZIL-157V at the Automotive articulated vehicle transporting Volkhov



ZIL-157 today



Snowblower variant



ZIL 157 at the Cheremushsky Kotlasky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast



ZIL-157 4340



Cab Communication variant



Preserved ZIL-157 BM-13-3

Sources/Read More

ZIL-157/157K Variants in detail, František Kořán & Jan Martinec, Wings & Wheels Publications, 2004
ЗиС-151, ЗиЛ-157 - советские военные грузовики, Л.Б. Кащеев , Военные машины N°56
ЗиЛ-157, Леонид Кузнецов, magazine М-Хобби N°6 (34) 2001
Бронетранспортер БТР-152, Е.И. Прочко, Бронеколлекция N°5 (038) 2001
Краткий автомобильный справочник, НИИАТ, 1967

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Harley-Davidson WLA motorcycle
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  • G-126 Caterpillar D7
  • G-153 Caterpillar D8

Axis ww2 Axis Trucks


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Sd.Kfz 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 were half-tracks designed just before the war as prime movers, to carry supplies, ammunition, personal, and tow artillery. Many were also converted during the war as armored versions carrying AA FLAK guns (Flakvierling, 37 mm, or the legendary 88 mm Rheinmetall als used as tank hunters), or were converted as nebelwerfer (rocket launching armored vehicles). They were built by Hanomag, Steyr, Mercedes-Benz, Bussing and many other manufacturers until 1945, over 20,000 half-tracks.

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-Magirus A3000
-Krupp Protze Kfz.19
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-Krupp Protze Kfz.68
-Krupp Protze Kfz.69
-Krupp Protze Kfz.70
-Krupp Protze Kfz.81
-Krupp Protze Kfz.21
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-Skoda Rad Schlepper
-Ost RSO Porsche 175
-Steyr Type 2000A
-Einheits Lkw Kfz.62
-Krupp LKW L3
-Bussing-Nag 4500
-Opel Blitz Omnibus
-Bussing-Nag L
-Mercedes-Benz L1500
-Beute Studebaker
-Krupp L3H
-Hanomag SS-100
-Beute Ford B3000 S, V3000S, V3000A
-Beute Ford model BB
-Beute Ford model V8-51
-Beute Tatra 111

German ww2 German Half Tracks

-Sd.Kfz.2 Kettenkrad
-Sd.Kfz.3 Maultier
-Sd.Kfz.4 Panzerwerfer
-Sd.Kfz.6
-Sd.Kfz.7
-Sd.Kfz.8
-Sd.Kfz.9
-Sd.Kfz.10
-Sd.Kfz.11
-Schwere Wehrmachtsschlepper
-Leichte Wehrmachtsschlepper
-Raupenschlepper Ost

German ww2 German Staff Cars

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-Kfz.15 Horch 901
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italy ww2 Italian Military trucks
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Med. Trucks (Autocarro Medio)
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-Alfa Romeo 800RE
-Bianchi Miles
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-SPA Dovunque-41
-SPA-38R
-Autocarro Dovunque SPA 41/42 1

H. Trucks (Autocarro Gigante)
-FIAT-633NM
-FIAT-634NM
-FIAT-666
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-Lancia EsaRo
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-ОМ Titano
-Autocarri Unificati Ursus

italy ww2 Artillery tractors
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-Breda TP 40
-Breda TP 41
-Breda 6x4 51
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-Breda 61 (licenced SdKfz-7)
-Fiat-SPA T.L.37
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-Fiat 727 half-track artillery tractor
-SPA TM40 wheeled artillery tractor

italy ww2 Staff Cars
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-Fiat 508M Ballila
-Fiat 508CM Coloniale
-Fiat 1100 (1937) (Balilla-1100 Coloniale)
-Lancia Aprilia Coloniale
-Bianchi VM 6C
-Fiat 2800 CMC

italy ww2 Motorcycles
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-Bianchi Supermil 500
-Gilera 500 LTE
-Moto Guzzi Alce/Trialce
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Japan ww2 IJA/IJN ww2 vehicles
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-Isuzu Type 94 truck
-Type 94 6-Wheeled Truck
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-Type 97 4-Wheeled Truck
-Type 1 6-Wheeled Truck
-Type 2 Heavy Truck
-Toyota KB/KC Truck
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Japan ww2 Tractors
-Type 92 5 t Prime Mover "I-Ke"
-Type 98 6 t Prime Mover "Ro-Ke"
-Type 92 8 t Prime Mover "Ni-Ku"
-Type 95 13 t Prime Mover "Ho-Fu"
-Type 94 4 t Prime Mover "Yo-Ke"
-Type 98 4 t Prime Mover "Shi-Ke"
-Type 96 AA Gun Prime Mover
-Type 98 20 mm AA Machine Cannon Carrier
-Type 98 Half-tracked Prime Mover "Ko-Hi"
-Type 98 20 mm AA Half-Track Vehicle
-Experimental Heavy Gun Tractor Chi-Ke
-Experimental Crawler Truck
-T G Experimental Crawler Truck
-Fordson Prime Mover
-Pavessi Gun Tractor
-50 hp Gun Tractor
-Komatsu 3 ton Tractor
-Light Prime Mover
-Clarton Prime Mover
-Holt 30

Japan ww2 Staff cars
-Toyota AA/AB/AC
-Type 93 6/4-Wheeled Passenger Car
-Type 95 Passenger Car "Kurogane"
-Type 98 Passenger Car
-Model 97 Nissan Staff Car, Nissan 70

Japan ww2 Motorcycles
-Rikuo Motorcycle
-Rikuo Type 97 Motorcycle
-Rikuo Type 93 side car

Japan ww2 Misc.
-Type 94 Ambulance
-Type 94 Repair Vehicle

Cold War & Modern Vehicles

Section pending completion.
BAV-485 * MAZ-543 * GAZ 46 * GAZ 67B * GAZ/UAZ-69 * GAZ 51 * GAZ 63* ZIL-131 * GAZ 66 * KrAZ-214 * KrAZ-255 * KrAZ-260 * KZKT-7428 * MAZ-535 * MAZ-537 * MAZ-7310 * Ural 375 * URAL 4320 * ZIL-135 * ZIL-151 * ZIL-157 * ZIL-157/PR-11M * ZIL-6 * ZIL-6


* * * * Praga V3S * Tatra 813
Ford G398 * Borgward BE3000 * Henschel HS 115 * Hanomag AL 28 * Mercedes Standard 4.5L * Mercedes LG 315/46 * Magirus-Deutz 170 * Magirus-Deutz 232 * Magirus-Deutz Jupiter 6x6 * Magirus-Deutz A 6500 * MAN KAT-1 * SLT 50 Elefant TT * Liebherr 8x8 GLW * MAN TGM Mil 18 4x4 * Liebherr 4x4 FKL * MAN 630 L2 * Mercedes LA * Unimog 404 2.5 standard * DKW Munga (1956) * Mercedes G-class * Volkswagen Type 181 (1968) * Volkswagen Iltis (1978) * MAN LX Tactical Trucks * M3 Amphibious Rig
Willys Jeep CJ series * Jeep M606 * Jeep M38A1 * Jeep M170 * M151 Mutt * M422 Mighty Mite * CJ V-35(/U) * M274 4x4 "Mule" * M37 Series 4x4 "Power Wagon" * M35 Series 6x6 * M54 Series 6x6 * M123/M125 6x6 * M715 series 4x4 * M561 6x6 "Gamma Goat" * M656 Series 8x8 * M880 series 4x4 * M809 series 6x6 * M520 4x4 "Goer" * M915 series 6x4 * M911 C-MET 8x6 * CUCV M1008 4x4 * HMMWV 4x4 * M939 Series 6x6 * HEMTT M977 8x8

Land-Rover * Bedford RL * Bedford TK/MK * Bedford TM * AEC Militant * Austin K9 * AEC Mandator TEL

IFA G5

Nissan 2.5 Truck * * Hitachi Type 73 artillery tractor (1974) * Toyota Type 73 * Isuzu HST * Nissan Patrol * Mitsubishi Type 73 * Toyota Land Cruiser *
Jiefang CA10 * Jiefang CA30
Beijing BJ212 * Beijing BJ2020 * Dongfeng EQ240/EQ2081 * Dongfeng EQ245/EQ2100 * Dongfeng EQ2050 * FAW MV3 * Hanyang HY4260 * Hanyang HY4330 * HTF5680A1 * SFQ2040 LieYing * Xiaolong XL2060 * Jiefang CA-30 * NJ2045/2046 * Shaanxi SX2190 * Shaanxi SX2150 * TA580/TAS5380 * TA5450/TAS5450 * TAS5500 * TAS5570 * TAS5690 * Type 82 truck * WS2300 * WS2400 * WS2500 * Wanshan W-2600 * WS21200 * WS51200
Renault TRM 10000 GP | Renault RM 700-100 TT | Renault TRM 2000 lorry | Berliet GBC 8 TK & Renault GBC 180 | Renault Kerax* | Iveco PPT3 | PML VPCM | Scania CCP10 | Scania TRA TOE NG | Renault ESRC | Renault ESRC AVIT | Renault CCPTA | Mercedes CCP3/5 | Renault Carapace | Renault CDLR | Renault PPDL | Renault CDLR CBH 385 | VLTT | Grizzly LUV | VOS-APP LUV | VOS-PAT LUV | Acmat VLRA | Panhard VPS LUV | Aquus AREG VLFS | Renault T4 VLTP NG | Arquus Trapper VT4 | French Mil. Quads | Renault Kangoo | French Bulldozers | Souvim Minesweeper | EFA Bridgelayer | Renault PFM BDL | SPRAT AVLB

Modern Trucks

Section pending completion.

India:

Tatra Prithvi | Ashok-Leyland Agni II TEL

Italy:

Iveco ACTL

Romania:

AMT 25, AMT 950, DAC, Roman, Dacia Duster.

Indonesia:

Rantis P6 ATAV

Russia:

UAZ Esaul * Kamaz 6560 * Pantsir S1 * 9K720 Iskander |

France:

Renault TRM 10000 GP | Renault RM 700-100 TT | Renault TRM 2000 lorry | <Renault Kerax | Iveco PPT3 | PML VPCM | Scania CCP10 | Scanian TRA TOE NG | Renault ESRC | Renault ESRC AVIT | Renault CCPTA | Mercedes CCP3/5 | Renault Carapace | Renault CDLR | Renault PPDL | Renault CDLR CBH 385 | VLTT | Grizzly LUV | VOS-APP LUV | VOS-PAT LUV | Acmat VLRA | Panhard VPS LUV | Aquus AREG VLFS | Renault T4 VLTP NG | | French Mil. Quads | Renault Kangoo | French Bulldozers | Souvim Minesweeper | EFA Bridgelayer | Renault PFM BDL | SPRAT AVLB

Germany:

Mercedes 250GD Wolf | Mercedes Wolf SSA | Mercedes G300 Greenliner | VW T3/T4/T6 van | BWM G650 GS | BMW F850 GS | BMW R1150 RT | BMW R1200 RT | KTM 400LS-E BdW | LIV(SO) Serval | German quads | Faun LST50-3 Elefant | Faun STL56 Franziska | Faun SLT Mammut | RMT HX81 | SAANH 70T | Mercedes Unimog U3/4/5000 | Mercedes Zetros | MAN KAT1 | RMT Multi 2 | RMT WLS 6x6 | RMT UTF WLKS 8x8 | | MAN TGS 8x4 | MAN TGS 6x4 | MAN RMMV TGA | Mercedes Atego | Mercedes Axor | EWK M3 Amph.Rig | Liebherr FKL | Liebherr FKM | T.Faun FKS ATF 30-2 | T.Faun FKS ATF 70-4 | T.Faun FKS ATF 100-5 | T.Faun FKS ATF 110-5 | T.Faun FKS ATF 120-5 Obelix | Steinbrock 2.5 Y4 | Herbst-Smag Orion V | Konecrane SMV 2216 TC3 | Ahlmann AS1600 | Liebherr 574 | MAN Cobra Radar | Liebherr LTM 1050

Netherlands:

Defenture Mammoth | to come | placeholder | MLC-70 WGMST

Spain:

➹ Santana Anibal |

Turkey:

United Kingdom:

RWMIK land rover | Toyota Jankel Al-Thalab | Sky Sabre | Alvis Unipower | land Rover Wolf | Land Rover Defender BFA | Alvis Supacat ATMP | Marshall Gasket 3 | MAN SV (Mark I-III)

USA:

Interim Fast Attack Vehicle | M1161 Growler | Boeing Phantom Badger | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |